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Abstract

OBJETIVO: Comparar a gravidade e a lateralidade do ceratocone de acordo com a rinite alérgica, os hábitos de coçar e dormir e a destreza manual.
MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas questões objetivas sobre rinite alérgica, prurido ocular e posição do sono em pacientes com ceratocone, diagnosticados com base na tomografia corneana. Esses exames foram analisados e classificados de acordo com a classificação de Amsler-Krumeich.
RESULTADOS: O prurido ocular foi referido por 29 (85,29%) dos 34 voluntários. Dezoito sujeitos (62,07%) relataram coçar ambos os olhos igualmente, 6 (20,69%) mais no olho direito e 5 (17,24%) mais no olho esquerdo. Comparando-se a posição de dormir principal e o olhos com apresentação mais grave da doença, foi encontrada alguma relação baseada no teste exato de Fisher (0,567 no olho direito e 0,568 no olho esquerdo), embora nenhuma comparação parecesse estatisticamente significante.
CONCLUSÕES: A associação entre maiores valores de ceratometria e posição do sono parece ser mais importante do que entre ceratometria e prurido ou destreza manual.

Keywords: Ceratocone; Hipersensibilidade; Sono/fisiologia; Rinite alérgica; Córnea; Tomografia

Abstract

Objetivo: Comparar a dor e o desconforto da ceratectomia fotorefrativa mecânica vs transepitelial.
Métodos: Este estudo comparativo prospectivo incluiu 190 olhos de 95 pacientes com hipermetropia, astigmatismo e miopia que foram submetidos a ceratectomia fotorefrativa mecânica em um olho e ceratectomia fotorefrativa transepithelial no olho contralateral usando o laser excimer wavelight Allegretto EX500.O intervalo entre as operações no mesmo paciente foi de 15 a 30 dias. Ambos os olhos tiveram a refração similar antes da cirurgia, com uma diferença máxima de 15-µm na ablação. Os questionários pós-operatórios foram aplicados nos dias 1 e 7 para avaliar o nível de desconforto dos pacientes (0= sem desconforto para 5= desconforto extremo) com os seguintes sintomas: dor, sensação de queimação, coceira, lacrimejamento, fotofobia, vermelhidão dos olhos, sensação corpo estranho e inchaço das pálpebras. Os pacientes também foram questionados sobre qual método eles preferiram.
Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 61 (64,21%) mulheres e 34 (35,79%) Homens. A idade média (SD) do paciente era 31.66 (6.69) anos. No primeiro dia pós-operatório, os pacientes relataram menos desconforto no olho que recebeu ceratectomia fotorefrativa mecânica do que ceratectomia fotorefrativa transepithelial (1,9 ± 1,74 vs 2,5 ± 1,83; p=0,017), sensação de queimação (1,8 ± 1,56 vs 2,5 ± 1,68; p=0,004), lacrimejamento (2,3 ± 1,71 vs 3,1 ± 1,69; p=0,001), e sensação corpo estranho (1,9 ± 1,77 vs 2,5 ± 1,86; p=0,024). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre ceratectomia fotorefrativa mecânica e ceratectomia fotorefrativa transepithelial no dia 7 pós-operatório. Cinquenta e nove pacientes (62,10%) preferiram ceratectomia fotorefrativa mecânica, enquanto 32 (33,68%) preferiram ceratectomia fotorefrativa transepithelial. Quatro pacientes (4,22%) não expressaram nenhuma preferência.
Conclusões: Nossos resultados mostraram que os escores de dor foram significativamente menores nos olhos tratados pelo ceratectomia fotorefrativa mecânica do que nos olhos tratados com ceratectomia fotorefrativa transepithelial no primeiro dia pós-operatório, o que pode ter proporcionado maior conforto do paciente após a cirurgia e os levou a ter uma preferência pela técnica ceratectomia fotorefrativa mecânica.

Keywords: Dor pós-operatoria; Astigmatismo; Miopia; Hiperopia; Ceratectomia fotorrefrativa; Laser de excimer/uso terapêutico

Abstract

Objetivo: Comparar as diferenças entre a chord aparente µ e o chord real µ.
Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, comparativo, não randomizado e não intervencionista. Os exames de imagem (Pentacam e HD Analyzer) foram realizados na mesma sala e nas mesmas condições escotópicas. Os critérios de inclusão foram idade de 21 a 71 anos; compreensão do termo de consentimento; miopia até 4D e astigmatismo topográfico anterior até 1D. Os critérios de exclusão foram usuários de lentes de contato; pacientes com doenças oculares prévias ou cirurgias; opacidades da córnea; a presença de alterações tomográficas da córnea ou suspeita de ceratocone.
Resultados: Em nosso estudo foram analisados 116 olhos de 58 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 30,69 anos (± 7,85). Análises de correlação foram desenvolvidas e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (0,647) indica uma relação linear positiva moderada entre as variáveis. A média do chord µ real foi 226,21± 128,53 µm e a média do chord µ média foi 278,66 ± 123,90 µm, com diferença média de 52,45 µm (p=0,01). A análise do diâmetro pupilar médio apresentou: 5,76mm no HD Analyzer e 3,31mm no Pentacam.
Conclusões: Entendemos a existência de uma diferença significativa entre os métodos e assim a medida de ambos os dispositivos com base em princípios diferentes devemos respeitar suas peculiaridades. Como encontramos correlação entre as duas medidas, acreditamos que ambas podem ser utilizadas na prática diária.

Keywords: Imagem óptica; Percepção visual; Pupila; Segmento anterior do olho; Córnea; Técnicas de diagnóstico oftalmológico

Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine the absorbance coefficient of the thin porcine cornea to ultraviolet-A radiation (365 nm) submitted for crosslinking.
METHODS: This in vitro, benchtop experiment using cadaver tissue study analyzed 12 porcine corneal lamellas, which were obtained using a microkeratome after mechanical de-epithelization and separated into three thickness groups: 180, 300, and 360 µm. The corneal thickness values were measured by anterior-segment optical coherence tomography. All lamellas had ultraviolet-A (365 nm) absorbance measured with a 96-well plate spectrophotometer using an ultraviolet transparent microplate before riboflavin instillation and pre- and post-crosslinking according to the Dresden protocol.
RESULTS: The ultraviolet absorbance profiles of the 180, 300, and 360 µm groups were obtained as a-coefficients of 12.85, 76.55, and 120.27, respectively. A theoretical formula was calculated though a statistical analysis that demonstrated the correlation between stromal lamellar thickness and ultraviolet absorbance.
CONCLUSIONS: Corneal thickness and ultraviolet-A spectral absorbance of corneal lamellas showed linear correlation. These findings can potentially contribute to the optimization of ultraviolet-A application during crosslinking, making the treatment of corneas with thickness <400 µm safe and personalized energy delivery for each corneal thickness.

Keywords: Ultraviolet light; Spectrophotometry; Crosslinking; Keratoconus; Corneal thickness

Abstract

We present a case of a patient complaining of monocular diplopia due to a decentered ablation after LASIK. The patient underwent a wavefront-guided retreatment, which resulted in an epithelial ingrowth complication. Additionally, the patient developed cataract, with cataract surgery requiring reliable biometric measurements. Therefore, we opted for corneal treatment and corneal surface regularization. Although we attempted to lift the flap and wash the interface initially, the procedure proved unsuccessful, thereby necessitating immediate flap amputation. Once the corneal surface was regularized in the seventh postoperative month, transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy was successfully performed to homogenize the ocular surface, thereby significantly improving the patient's corrected visual acuity and resolving monocular diplopia. The surface and corneal curvature stabilized by the fifth month after the procedure. Phacoemulsification was then performed along with the implantation of a toric monofocal lens, which was selected using an appropriate formula, resulting in an excellent uncorrected visual acuity.

Keywords: Refractive surgical procedures; Surgical flap/surgery; Keratomileusis laser In situ/methods; Biometry; Corneal topography; Lasers, Excimer/adverse effects; Dipoplia/etiologia; Visual acuity; Humans; Case reports

Abstract

PURPOSE: To analyze the quality of life and treatment adherence of patients with glaucoma at different disease stages, considering factors such as sex, visual acuity, disease severity, and treatment characteristics.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 174 patients (346 glaucomatous eyes) recruited from clinical records and routine follow-ups at a specialized ophthalmology center. Their mean age was 39–90 years, and 60.9% of them were women. Their quality of life and adherence were assessed using the NEI-VFQ25 and MMAS-8 questionnaires, respectively. Complementary tests included 24:2 visual field test, retinography, and optical coherence tomography. Patients diagnosed with glaucoma for at least 6 months were included, whereas pregnant patients and those with ocular diseases were excluded.
RESULTS: Among the participants, 59.2% adhered to the treatment whereas 40.8% showed low adherence. The mean quality of life score was 81.87. Patients with low adherence had slightly higher quality of life scores (mean 83.1) than those with good adherence (mean 81.0), but the difference was not statistically significant. Disease severity was associated with increased optic nerve cupping, reduced thickness of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, and great visual field loss. No significant correlation was observed between adherence and quality of life, indicating the independence of these factors and the influence of psychological or social elements.
CONCLUSION: The absence of a correlation between quality of life and treatment adherence highlights the need for tailored interventions for psychological and social aspects. These findings indicate the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing glaucoma, preserving visual function, strengthening doctor–patient relationships, and considering psychosocial factors to enhance quality of life and treatment adherence.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Quality of life; Patient health questionnaire; Patient acuity; Antiglaucoma agents; Visual acuity; Treatment adherence and compliance; Surveys and questionnaires

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and comparability of a Scheimpflug-based tomographer relative to a Placido-based topographer and specular microscopy in healthy eyes.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 patients (80 eyes). Each eye underwent randomized imaging with a Scheimpflug-based tomographer, a Placido-based topographer, and Tomey EM-4000 specular microscopy. Three acquisitions per device were obtained. For interdevice comparisons, the best-quality scan per eye/device was selected, whereas all three scans were used for intradevice repeatability analyses. Unreliable scans were repeated (up to five attempts) and excluded if acceptable quality was not achieved, resulting in variable denominators. Between-device comparisons were performed using generalized estimating equations with participant-level clustering and robust standard errors and were supplemented by Bland–Altman analysis.
RESULTS: The effective sample size varied by parameter (independent summaries: 59–67 eyes; paired comparisons: 48–51 eyes). In paired-eye analyses, the Scheimpflug-based tomographer measured slightly higher keratometry values than the Placido-based topographer (K1: 43.95 vs. 43.78 D, p=0.003; K2: 44.91 vs 44.73 D, p=0.002), more negative Q-values (p=0.001), smaller photopic pupil diameter (p<0.001), and shorter kappa distance (p<0.001). Mean absolute differences were 0.32 D for K1 and 0.30 D for K2, with high dispersion for angular metrics (kappa angle coefficient of variation: 195%).
CONCLUSIONS: The Scheimpflug-based tomographer provides reproducible corneal measurements in healthy eyes. However, systematic differences relative to the Placido-based topographer—particularly for keratometry, asphericity, and pupil and kappa metrics—suggest limited interchangeability. Consistent device use is recommended when these parameters inform clinical decision-making.

Keywords: Scheimpflug tomography; Placido topography; Specular microscopy; keratometry; Corneal imaging; Refractive surgical procedures; Lenses, intraocular

Abstract

PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess changes in central corneal sensitivity after phacoemulsification and to characterize recovery patterns up to 90 days using standardized esthesiometry.
METHODS: This prospective observational study included 44 patients (88 eyes) undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Central corneal sensitivity was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet^® esthesiometer preoperatively and at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Repeated-measures data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p<0.05). Inter-eye differences were assessed with a paired Wilcoxon test. Individual changes from baseline (Δ30, Δ90) were calculated, and 90-day recovery was categorized according to thresholds aligned with the 5-mm device resolution. Spearman correlation was used to explore associations between age and Δ90.
RESULTS: Corneal sensitivity decreased after surgery. In right eyes, mean sensitivity declined from 41.14 ± 7.77 mm at baseline to 36.82 ± 9.03 mm at 30 days and partially recovered to 38.64 ± 7.73 mm at 90 days. In left eyes, sensitivity decreased from 44.11 ± 6.29 mm to 37.39 ± 9.05 mm at 30 days and recovered to 41.82 ± 7.63 mm at 90 days. Left eyes showed higher sensitivity than right eyes at baseline (p=0.023) and at 90 days (p=0.018). At 90 days, complete or near-complete recovery (within ± 5 mm of baseline) occurred in 73.2% of right eyes and 78.0% of left eyes, while improvement above baseline (≥ +5 mm) occurred in 7.3% and 4.9%, respectively. Age showed weak, nonsignificant correlations with Δ90 (p=−0.14 to −0.19; p>0.2).
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with a 2.75-mm clear corneal incision leads to a temporary reduction in central corneal sensitivity, with partial recovery by 90 days. Recovery patterns vary among individuals, highlighting the value of postoperative sensitivity monitoring to identify atypical trajectories and guide ocular surface care during visual rehabilitation.

Keywords: Phacoemulsification; Cornea/innervation; Ophthalmic nerve/physiology; Optometry/instrumentation; Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological; Neural regeneration; Visual rehabilitation.