Search Results

Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho clínico do Spot Vision Screener e estabelecer correlações clínicas entre a triagem automatizada e a retinoscopia após indução de cicloplegia em crianças pré-verbais.
Métodos: Neste estudo transversal prospectivo, crianças de 6 a 36 meses foram avaliadas usando o Spot Vision Screener. O exame oftalmológico completo, incluindo refração cicloplégica, foi então realizado, seguido de repetição da triagem automatizada e retinoscopia em todos os casos, a fim de estabelecer correlações quanto à hipermetropia, miopia e astigmatismo após a indução de cicloplegia.
Resultados: O estudo incluiu 185 crianças. A sensibilidade do dispositivo de triagem automática após cicloplegia foi de 100% (IC 95%: 85,18-100%) e a especificidade foi de 87,04% (IC 95%: 80,87-91,79%). Os valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram de 52,27% (42,36 - 62,01%) e 100%, respectivamente. Em comparação com a retinoscopia, o Spot Vision Screener superestimou os valores esféricos em 0,62 D (IC 95%: 0,56 - 0,69) no olho direito e em 0,60 (IC 95%: 0,54 - 0,66) no olho esquerdo e os valores cilíndricos em -0,38 D (IC 95%: -0,42 a -0,33) no olho direito e por -0,39 D (IC 95%: -0,43 a -0,34) no olho esquerdo. A diferença para os valores esféricos e cilíndricos de forma geral foi de 0,61 D (IC 95%: 0,57 - 0,65) e -0,38 D (IC 95%: -0,41 a -0,35), respectivamente.
Conclusão: Foi encontrada correlação substancial entre a retinoscopia e os dados objetivos captados pelo dispositivo. Isso mostra que a tecnologia pode ser usada em conjunto, contribuindo para um diagnóstico mais preciso e identificando os fatores de risco de ambliopia o mais precocemente possível. A técnica automatizada pode fazer a diferença em nível populacional para triagem e intervenção precoce.

Keywords: Erros de refração; Ambliopia; Estrabismo; Refratometria; Retinoscopia

Abstract

PURPOSE: To analyze the quality of life and treatment adherence of patients with glaucoma at different disease stages, considering factors such as sex, visual acuity, disease severity, and treatment characteristics.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 174 patients (346 glaucomatous eyes) recruited from clinical records and routine follow-ups at a specialized ophthalmology center. Their mean age was 39–90 years, and 60.9% of them were women. Their quality of life and adherence were assessed using the NEI-VFQ25 and MMAS-8 questionnaires, respectively. Complementary tests included 24:2 visual field test, retinography, and optical coherence tomography. Patients diagnosed with glaucoma for at least 6 months were included, whereas pregnant patients and those with ocular diseases were excluded.
RESULTS: Among the participants, 59.2% adhered to the treatment whereas 40.8% showed low adherence. The mean quality of life score was 81.87. Patients with low adherence had slightly higher quality of life scores (mean 83.1) than those with good adherence (mean 81.0), but the difference was not statistically significant. Disease severity was associated with increased optic nerve cupping, reduced thickness of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, and great visual field loss. No significant correlation was observed between adherence and quality of life, indicating the independence of these factors and the influence of psychological or social elements.
CONCLUSION: The absence of a correlation between quality of life and treatment adherence highlights the need for tailored interventions for psychological and social aspects. These findings indicate the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing glaucoma, preserving visual function, strengthening doctor–patient relationships, and considering psychosocial factors to enhance quality of life and treatment adherence.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Quality of life; Patient health questionnaire; Patient acuity; Antiglaucoma agents; Visual acuity; Treatment adherence and compliance; Surveys and questionnaires

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and comparability of a Scheimpflug-based tomographer relative to a Placido-based topographer and specular microscopy in healthy eyes.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 patients (80 eyes). Each eye underwent randomized imaging with a Scheimpflug-based tomographer, a Placido-based topographer, and Tomey EM-4000 specular microscopy. Three acquisitions per device were obtained. For interdevice comparisons, the best-quality scan per eye/device was selected, whereas all three scans were used for intradevice repeatability analyses. Unreliable scans were repeated (up to five attempts) and excluded if acceptable quality was not achieved, resulting in variable denominators. Between-device comparisons were performed using generalized estimating equations with participant-level clustering and robust standard errors and were supplemented by Bland–Altman analysis.
RESULTS: The effective sample size varied by parameter (independent summaries: 59–67 eyes; paired comparisons: 48–51 eyes). In paired-eye analyses, the Scheimpflug-based tomographer measured slightly higher keratometry values than the Placido-based topographer (K1: 43.95 vs. 43.78 D, p=0.003; K2: 44.91 vs 44.73 D, p=0.002), more negative Q-values (p=0.001), smaller photopic pupil diameter (p<0.001), and shorter kappa distance (p<0.001). Mean absolute differences were 0.32 D for K1 and 0.30 D for K2, with high dispersion for angular metrics (kappa angle coefficient of variation: 195%).
CONCLUSIONS: The Scheimpflug-based tomographer provides reproducible corneal measurements in healthy eyes. However, systematic differences relative to the Placido-based topographer—particularly for keratometry, asphericity, and pupil and kappa metrics—suggest limited interchangeability. Consistent device use is recommended when these parameters inform clinical decision-making.

Keywords: Scheimpflug tomography; Placido topography; Specular microscopy; keratometry; Corneal imaging; Refractive surgical procedures; Lenses, intraocular

Abstract

PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess changes in central corneal sensitivity after phacoemulsification and to characterize recovery patterns up to 90 days using standardized esthesiometry.
METHODS: This prospective observational study included 44 patients (88 eyes) undergoing uncomplicated phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Central corneal sensitivity was measured using a Cochet-Bonnet^® esthesiometer preoperatively and at 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Repeated-measures data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p<0.05). Inter-eye differences were assessed with a paired Wilcoxon test. Individual changes from baseline (Δ30, Δ90) were calculated, and 90-day recovery was categorized according to thresholds aligned with the 5-mm device resolution. Spearman correlation was used to explore associations between age and Δ90.
RESULTS: Corneal sensitivity decreased after surgery. In right eyes, mean sensitivity declined from 41.14 ± 7.77 mm at baseline to 36.82 ± 9.03 mm at 30 days and partially recovered to 38.64 ± 7.73 mm at 90 days. In left eyes, sensitivity decreased from 44.11 ± 6.29 mm to 37.39 ± 9.05 mm at 30 days and recovered to 41.82 ± 7.63 mm at 90 days. Left eyes showed higher sensitivity than right eyes at baseline (p=0.023) and at 90 days (p=0.018). At 90 days, complete or near-complete recovery (within ± 5 mm of baseline) occurred in 73.2% of right eyes and 78.0% of left eyes, while improvement above baseline (≥ +5 mm) occurred in 7.3% and 4.9%, respectively. Age showed weak, nonsignificant correlations with Δ90 (p=−0.14 to −0.19; p>0.2).
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification with a 2.75-mm clear corneal incision leads to a temporary reduction in central corneal sensitivity, with partial recovery by 90 days. Recovery patterns vary among individuals, highlighting the value of postoperative sensitivity monitoring to identify atypical trajectories and guide ocular surface care during visual rehabilitation.

Keywords: Phacoemulsification; Cornea/innervation; Ophthalmic nerve/physiology; Optometry/instrumentation; Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological; Neural regeneration; Visual rehabilitation.