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Original Articles

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol. 2025;88 (6 ) :1-9 | DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.2024-0411

Macular thickness measured via optic coherence tomography in healthy adults aged 45 years and older: The Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey

Sung Eun Song Watanabe; Adriana Berezovsky; Arthur Gustavo Fernandes; Bruna Ferraço Marianelli; João Marcello Furtado; Marcela Cypel; Paulo Henrique Morales; Marcos Jacob Cohen; Cristina Coimbra Cunha; Márcia Higashi Mitsuhiro; Galton Carvalho Vasconcelos; Mauro Campos; Nívea Nunes Ferraz; Paula Y. Sacai; Jacob Moysés Cohen; Sergio Muñoz; Rubens Belfort Jr.; Solange Rios Salomão

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Abstract

PURPOSE: This study evaluated macular thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in healthy participants from a population-based eye survey.
METHODS: The Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey was a population-based study assessing the prevalence and causes of visual impairment, blindness, and ocular diseases in adults aged ≥45 years from urban and rural areas of Parintins. A subgroup was selected based on inclusion criteria for both eyes: best-corrected visual acuity ≥20/32, normal eye examination results, and no prior ocular surgery. Scans were performed using the iVue optical coherence tomography device. Measurements were taken from the nine subfields defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, examining the full retina as well as the inner and outer retinal layers. Associations of retinal thickness with age and sex were also analyzed. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.
RESULTS: In total, 70 healthy participants (25 males), aged 45–65 years (mean=52 ± 5), were included. Mean central foveal thickness was 248.71 ± 18.73 μm. A significant age-related reduction in macular thickness was observed, particularly in the inner superior parafovea (p=0.036), nasal perifovea (p=0.001), superior perifovea (p=0.028), outer layer of inferior parafovea (p=0.049), and the inferior perifovea of the full retina (p=0.029). Males showed significantly greater thickness in the outer layer, especially in the outer parafovea (p=0.004) and perifovea (p<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study established normative macular thickness values for healthy older adults in the Brazilian Amazon region using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Age and sex were found to significantly influence macular thickness and should be considered when interpreting measurements. These data will support future studies of retinal diseases in this population.

Keywords: Retinal diseases/diagnosis; Macula lutea/pathology; Macular degeneration/diagnosis; Diabetic retinopathy/diagnosis; Vision, low; Vision tests; Tomography, optical coherence/methods; Young adult; Cross-sectional studies; Brazil/epidemiology