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Abstract

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a eficiência da bromoprida na profilaxia de náuseas na angiofluoresceinografia, quando comparada a um placebo. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi um ensaio clínico aleatório duplo-mascarado, entre dezembro de 2004 e abril de 2005. Os exames foram realizados com fluoresceína sódica a 20% intravenosa em dose única de 2,5 ml. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo 1, pacientes que receberam 10 mg/ 2 ml de bromoprida via intravenosa e o grupo 2, pacientes que receberam uma dose 2 ml de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% (placebo), ambos 20 minutos antes da injeção do contraste. Foram registrados os casos de náusea durante e após o exame. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 352 pacientes, 176 em cada grupo. Foram registrados casos de náusea em 12 (6,8%) pacientes do grupo da bromoprida e 11 (6,3%) pacientes do grupo placebo (p<0,829 - risco relativo=1,09). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo a bromoprida não preveniu a ocorrência de náuseas na angiofluoresceinografia, quando comparada a um placebo.

Keywords: Náusea; Metoclopramida; Angiofluoresceinografia; Hipersensibilidade a drogas; Ensaio clínico controlado aleatório

Abstract

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a relação entre a prescrição de óculos e a presença de afecções oculares encontradas em crianças na idade escolar. MÉTODOS: Crianças na idade escolar que foram examinadas na Campanha " Olho no Olho" em Recife no ano de 2004. Foram seguidas etapas recomendadas pelo Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia para realização desta Campanha, desde a preparação dos professores para triagem das crianças até a consulta com os oftalmologistas. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a necessidade de prescrição de óculos, sendo relacionados com a presença de doença ocular ou não. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de delineamento transversal que teve seus resultados analisados a partir do programa estatístico Epi Info versão 6.0. RESULTADOS: De uma amostra de 1.994 escolares, 686 deles apresentaram necessidade de óculos (34,4% Grupo1), sendo que 543 (27,2%) não apresentaram qualquer doença ocular, enquanto 143 (7,17%) tinham alguma doença ocular. Em 1.308 crianças (65,5% Grupo 2) não houve necessidade de óculos. Destas, 1.256 (62,5%) não apresentavam doença oftalmológica, enquanto 52 (2,6%) apresentavam algum tipo de afecção ocular. Os grupos 1 e 2 foram comparados entre si verificando que crianças que necessitam de óculos apresentam um risco relativo de possuírem doença ocular de 5,24 (Intervalo de Confiança de 95%: 3,87 a 7,10) vezes maior que as crianças que não precisam dos mesmos, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos (p= 0.0000001). CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que escolares que necessitam de óculos apresentam maior probabilidade de ter doença ocular, sendo necessário um exame oftalmológico completo na infância realizado por oftalmologistas capacitados para a detecção e tratamento das diversas afecções encontradas além da prescrição adequada dos óculos.

Keywords: Saúde escolar; Promoção da saúde; Óculos; Oftalmopatias; Acuidade visual

Abstract

PURPOSE: To describe clinical characteristics of posterior active uveitis presumptively by Toxoplasma gondii (PAUPT) in patients with typical lesion. Tranversal study. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with retinochoroiditis scatter and active satellite lesions examined in Pernambuco, Brazil. All were older than 10 years and immunocompetent. Gender, age, skin color, and residence were recorded. Previous uveitis, visual accuracy, intraocular pressure (IOP), and ocular examination were analyzed. RESULTS: 52% were males, most of them with white skin (68.8%). Mean age 29 years (±10.87). Eighty-four percent of the patients lived in the metropolitan area. 56.2% were having the first episode of uveitis. In the damaged eye, visual accuracy mean was 20/200, IOP mean 14.5 mmHg (±64). Hyperemia of the conjunctiva was observed in 29.7% of the patients and alterations of the cornea in 51.6%. There were cells in the aqueous humor in 62.7%. 6.2% had posterior synechiae. All had vitreous damage and 45.3% retinal vasculitis. In 42.2% of the patients, lesions were located in zone I of Holland and 90.6% had the size of one discus diameter or greater. Neuritis was observed in 28.2%. Uveitis was more frequent in the right eye (54.7%). CONCLUSION: PAUPT affects young people and the main symptom was reduction of visual acuity. IOP mean was normal. Alterations of the vitreous were observed in all cases. Injuries were equal to one discus diameter or greater and located in zone I of Holland.

Keywords: Toxoplasmosis, ocular; Toxoplasma; Uveitis, posterior; Fluorescent antibody technique

Abstract

PURPOSE: The volume of the vitreous chamber varies with the size of the eye. The space created in the vitreous cavity by a vitrectomy is called the vitrectomized space. The volume of the vitrectomized space is strongly correlated with the axial length of the eye. This study aims to present guidelines for estimating the using participants stratified by axial length, sex, and history of cataract surgery.
METHODS: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study included 144 randomly selected participants who underwent vitrectomies between 2013 and 2023. Before surgery, the axial lengths of participants' eyes were measured using optical biometrics. The axial lengths of the eyes in our sample were between 20-32 mm. In all cases, a complete vitrectomy was performed, followed by complete fluid-air exchange and injection of a balanced saline solution. The volume infused was recorded.
RESULTS: The median (interquartile range; range) volume of the vitrectomized space was 6.1 (3.8; 3.1-11.3) mL in men and 6.1 (3.3; 3.2-11.2) mL in women (p=0.811). The median volume of the vitrectomized space was 5.9 (3.6; 3.1-11.2) mL in patients with phakic lenses and 6.25 (3.6; 3.3-11.3) mL in those with pseudophakic lenses (p=0.533). A positive correlation was found between the axial length and the volume of the vitrectomized space in this sample (r=0.968; p<0.001). In a cubic polynomial regression, the coefficient of determination was 0.948. Similar results were observed in both sexes and in both phakic and pseudophakic patients. The estimated cubic polynomial regression equation for this sample was VVS = 0.000589052857847605 × AL³ - 0.025114926401582700 × AL² + 0.685961117595624000 × AL - 5.088226672620790000.
CONCLUSION: We developed this axial length estimation of the volume of vitrectomized space as a guideline for the determination of vitrectomized space volume using axial length.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Retinal perforations/surgery; Epiretinal membrane/surgery; Vitreous body; Axial length, eye; Vitrectomy; Biometry/methods; Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological; Guidelines as topic.

Abstract

PURPOSE: To compare obstructive sleep apnea screening classifications, anthropometric characteristics, and mechanical behaviors between participants with keratoconus and controls and to explore their associations with disease severity.
METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study included 74 participants with keratoconus and 49 controls. The paper-based Berlin and STOP-BANG questionnaires were administered face-to-face by a researcher and scored manually. A study-specific questionnaire assessed eye rubbing and sleep position, whereas a separate structured field recorded self-reported ocular compression during sleep. Both groups underwent corneal tomography. The primary logistic regression model included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), eye rubbing, and ocular compression.
RESULTS: Participants with keratoconus had a higher BMI (29.4±6.4 vs. 26.3±5.1 kg/m²; p=0.005), larger neck circumference (40.1±4.6 vs. 37.6±4.6 cm; p=0.004), more frequent eye rubbing (71.6% vs. 51.0%; p=0.020), and more frequent ocular compression (43.2% vs. 20.4%; p=0.009) than controls. High-risk classifications did not differ significantly between groups according to either the Berlin Questionnaire (p=0.206) or STOP-BANG (p=0.139). In exploratory models adjusted for age and sex, positive associations were observed for the Berlin Questionnaire (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 0.91-7.28) and STOP-BANG (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 0.83-13.05). In the primary model, younger age (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93), male sex (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.14-7.42), and higher BMI (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27) remained associated with keratoconus, whereas the estimates for behavioral factors were attenuated. No association with disease severity was detected.
CONCLUSIONS: Participants with keratoconus had higher anthropometric measurements and more frequent mechanical behaviors; however, the prevalence of high-risk obstructive sleep apnea classifications did not differ significantly between groups. Questionnaire-based and anthropometric findings are not independent because BMI contributes to both screening instruments, whereas neck circumference contributes to the STOP-BANG score. Ocular compression was assessed using a nonvalidated self-report measure rather than objective pressure measurements. Severity analyses were underpowered, and causality cannot be inferred from the study design.

Keywords: Keratoconus; Sleep apnea, obstructive; Risk factors; Body mass index; Sleep; Logistic models; Patient acuity; Tomography; Surveys and questionnaires

Abstract

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