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Abstract

Relatamos o caso de uma jovem com diminuição da visão do olho direito. Um mês antes do primeiro atendimento, a paciente desenvolveu pré-eclâmpsia grave com 22 semanas de gestação e interrompeu a gravidez. O exame de fundo revelou manchas algodonosas e exsudatos duros na mácula em ambos os olhos, com uma mancha amarela no centro da fóvea do olho direito. A tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou um buraco macular de espessura total com bordas cistoides elevadas no olho direito. A paciente foi diagnosticada com buraco macular secundário a pré-eclâmpsia e acompanhada para fechamento espontâneo. Um mês após a primeira visita, foi-lhe sugerida a intervenção cirúrgica, devido a um declínio em sua visão. Três meses depois, o paciente aprovou a cirurgia e foi submetida a uma vitrectomia via pars plana com retalho invertido de membrana limitante interna e tampão interno C3F8, o que proporcionou uma melhora anatômica e visual.

Keywords: Perfurações retinianas; Vitrectomia; Cirurgia vi­treorretiniana; Pré-eclampsia; Tomografia de coerência óptica.

Abstract

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone implant used as either an adjuvant or a switching therapy for diabetic macular edema in patients with poor anatomic response after three consecutive monthly injections of ranibizumab.
METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with diabetic macular edema who received three consecutive doses of ranibizumab as initial therapy and demonstrated poor response. A single dose of intravitreal dexamethasone implant was administered to these patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment modalities: the adjuvant therapy group, consisting of patients who continued treatment with ranibizumab injection after receiving intravitreal dexamethasone implant, and the switch therapy group, consisting of patients who were switched from ranibizumab treatment to intravitreal dexamethasone implant as needed. The main outcome measurements were best corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of follow-up.
RESULTS: In this study that included 64 eyes of 64 patients, the best corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness values did not significantly differ between the groups at baseline and at 6 months of follow-up (p>0.05). However, at 12 months, the best corrected visual acuity values in the adjuvant and switch therapy groups were 0.46 and 0.35 LogMAR, respectively (p=0.012), and the central retinal thickness values were 344.8 and 270.9, respectively (p=0.007).
CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world setting, it seems more reasonable to use intravitreal dexamethasone implant as a switch therapy rather than an adjuvant therapy for diabetic macula edema refractory to ranibizumab despite three consecutive monthly injections of ranibizumab. Patients switched to intravitreal dexamethasone implant were found to have better anatomic and visual outcomes at 12 months than those who continued ranibizumab therapy despite their less-than-optimal responses.

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Macular edema/drug therapy; Dexamethasone/administration & dosage; Drug implants; Intravitreal injections; Ranibizumab/administration & dosage; Tomography, optical coherence; Endothelial growth factors