Search Results

Abstract

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de evisceração e enucleação no pronto-socorro oftalmológico de um hospital terciário brasileiro.
Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos casos tratados no pronto-socorro oftalmológico do Hospital São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) entre os anos de 2013 a 2018. Os casos urgentes de evisceração e enucleação foram incluídos e os casos eletivos foram excluídos. A análise dos prontuários médicos foi baseada em: dados demográficos, causas imediatas e associadas ao procedimento, acuidade visual informada, duração dos sintomas antes do atendimento oftalmológico, complicações, distância da residência até o hospital e tempo de hospitalização.
Resultados: 61 enucleações e 121 eviscerações foram incluídas no estudo. Os pacientes tinham uma média de idade de 63,27 ± 18,68 anos; 99 eram do sexo masculino (54,50%) e 83 do sexo feminino (45,60%). As indicações de evisceração e enucleação foram: perfuração corneana com (44,50%) e sem (23,63%) sinais infecciosos, endoftalmite (15,38%), trauma ocular (14,29%), neoplasia (0,55%), queimadura (1,10%) e phthisis bulbi (0,55%). A acuidade visual informada foi de ausência de percepção luminosa (87,36%), percepção luminosa (1.10%), ausência de colaboração (3,30%) e sem dados informados (8,24%). A média de tempo até a busca pelo serviço oftalmológico foi de 18,32 dias. Houve 2 casos de oftalmia simpática após evisceração.
Conclusões: Eviscerações foram predominantemente realizadas em comparação a enucleações em todo o período de estudo. As características demográficas mais comuns foram idade >60 anos e sexo masculino. As principais indicações para procedimentos urgentes de evisceração e enucleação foram perfuração corneana com e sem infecção, endoftalmite e trauma ocular. Este estudo poderia guiar medidas preventivas para evitar procedimentos oculares destrutivos.

Keywords: Evisceração do olho; Enucleação ocular; Úlcera da córnea/epidemiologia; Endoftalmite; Traumatismos oculares; Serviços médicos de emergência; Serviços de saúde ocular.

Abstract

Objetivo: Desenvolver um aplicativo (TopEye) na plataforma iOS para dispositivos móveis que possibilite a captação e interpretação do mapa de cores gerados por qualquer topógrafo corneano através da inteligência artificial (IA).
Métodos: A execução, acompanhamento e avaliação do projeto foi utilizada a metodologia Scrum, processo de desenvolvimento interativo e incremental para gerenciamento de projetos e desenvolvimento ágil de software. O banco de padrões de diagnóstico gerado consiste em 1172 exemplos, divididos em: 275 padrões esféricos, 302 regulares simétricos, 295 regulares assimétricos e 300 irregulares (ceratocone). Para o desenvolvimento da inteligência artificial do aplicativo, foi estabelecido o treinamento da rede com 240 imagens de cada tipo de padrão, totalizando 960 (81,91%) padrões. O restante das imagens, 212 (18,09%), foram utilizadas para testar o aplicativo e usadas para gerar os resultados. O processo é semiautomático, assim a captação da imagem topográfica é realizada com smartphone, o examinador realiza o contorno do relevo corneano manualmente para em seguida a rede neural realizar o diagnóstico.
Resultados: O aplicativo diagnosticou 201 (94,81%) imagens corretamente. De um total de 212 imagens, o algoritmo errou a classificação de apenas 11 (5,19%). A principal ocorrência de erro foi na distinção das classes simétrica e assimétrica. No rastreio do ceratocone o aplicativo alcançou 95,00% de sensibilidade e 98,68% especificidade.
Conclusão: O trabalho resultou na obtenção de um aplicativo eficiente na captura da imagem topográfica pela câmera do smartphone e na interpretação da mesma através da inteligência artificial aplicada.

Keywords: Dispositivos móveis; Inteligência artificial; Topografia corneana; Astigmatismo

Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta tecidual e clínica a um implante orbitário de polimetilmetacrilato, oco e multiperfu­rado em sua porção posterior em modelo animal após evisceração.
Métodos: Dezesseis coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à evisceração do globo ocular direito. Todos receberam implante oco de polimetilmetacrilato de 12 mm de diâmetro, multiperfurado em sua semiesfera posterior. O estudo foi dividido em avaliação clínica e histopatológica. A avaliação clínica foi diária até 14 dias pós-evisceração e, a cada sete dias, até completar 180 dias. Os animais foram divididos em grupos de quatro animais e cada um foi submetido à exenteração com 07, 30, 90 e 180 dias e depois à eutanásia. A análise histopatológica teve por fim caracterizar o padrão inflamatório, a estrutura do colágeno e o grau de neovascularização. Para isso, além da tradicional coloração pela hematoxilina-eosina, utilizou-se o corante Picrosirius Red (PSR) e imuno-histoquímica com o marcador CD 34.
Resultados: Não houve sinais de infecção, afinamento conjuntival ou escleral, exposição ou extrusão do implante em nenhum animal durante o estudo. Já no sétimo dia, o tecido neoformado migrou para dentro do implante formando uma rede fibrovascular através dos canais posteriores. A resposta inflamatória diminuiu ao longo do tempo avaliado e não foram encontradas células gigantes multinucleadas.
Conclusão: O implante analisado permite a sua integração aos tecidos orbitários pelo crescimento fibrovascular em seu interior. Os autores acreditam que este modelo de implante orbital pode fazer parte de testes com humanos.

Keywords: Implantes orbitários; Polimetilmetacrilato; Evis­ceração ocular; Anoftalmia; Procedimentos cirúrgicos oftal­mológicos; Coelhos.

Abstract

PURPOSE: Natural language models and chatbots, particularly OpenAI’s Generative Pre-Trained Transformer architecture, have transformed human interaction with digital interfaces. The latest versions, including ChatGPT-4o, offer enhanced functionalities compared to their predecessors. This study evaluates the accuracy of ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4o, and Claude 3.5 Sonnet in answering questions from the Brazilian Retina and Vitreous Society certification exam.
METHODS: We compiled 200 multiple-choice questions from the Brazilian Retina and Vitreous Society 2018 and 2019 exams. Questions were categorized into three domains: Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina, Retinal Pathology, and Diagnosis and Treatment. Using a standardized prompt developed according to prompt design guidelines, we tested ChatGPT-4, ChatGPT-4o, and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, recording their first responses as final. Three retina specialists performed a qualitative analysis of the answers. Accuracy was determined by comparing responses to the official correct answers. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and Cohen’s Kappa.
RESULTS: Claude 3.5 Sonnet achieved the highest overall accuracy (72.5%), followed by ChatGPT-4o (66.0%) and ChatGPT-4 (55.5%). Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ChatGPT-4o significantly outperformed ChatGPT-4 (p<0.01 and p=0.03, respectively), while no significant difference was observed between Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ChatGPT-4o (p=0.16). Model responses agreed 74.5% of the time, with a Cohen’s κ of 0.47. Retinal Pathology was the best-performing domain for all models, whereas Anatomy and Physiology of the Retina and Diagnosis and Treatment were the weakest domains for Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ChatGPT-4, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to assess Claude 3.5 Sonnet, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4o in retina specialist certification exams. Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ChatGPT-4o significantly outperformed ChatGPT-4, highlighting their potential as effective tools for studying retina specialist board exams. These findings suggest that the enhanced functionalities of Claude 3.5 Sonnet and ChatGPT-4o offer substantial improvements in medical education contexts.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; ChatGPT; Retina; Medical education; Ophthalmology, Large language model; Natural language processing

Abstract

Objetivos: Validar a versão em português do Catquest-9SF através de sua aplicação em uma população nativa do Brasil com catarata e determinar a correlação da pontuação obtida no questionário com a acuidade visual pré-operatória.
Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo para validação de questionário. O Catquest-9SF foi traduzido e retro traduzido gerando uma versão final em português. Um total de 120 pacientes brasileiros que aguardavam realização de cirurgia de catarata foram recrutados para responder ao questionário e para documentação de dados pré-operatórios e acuidade visual. Análise Rasch foi utilizada para acessar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento.
Resultados: A versão em português do Catquest-9SF demonstrou ajuste aceitável dos itens (item fit statistics variando entre 0,7 e 1,3), unidimensionalidade (Principal Component Analisis) e boa organização nas categorias de resposta dos itens (limiares das categorias: -2,79; 0,57; 2,22). O questionário contém itens com relação estável, se considerado um mesmo nível de deficiência visual, na comparação entre dois grupos (ausência de differential item functioning). Existe adequada separação de pessoas (Person Separation Index 3,07). A acuidade visual em LogMAR no melhor olho com melhor correção óptica mostrou correlação estatisticamente significativa com a pontuação em logit do Catquest-9SF (r=0,282 e p=0,004).
Conclusões: A versão em português do Catquest-9SF apresenta evidência de validade e confiabilidade, além de ser linguística e culturalmente compreensível para pacientes de língua portuguesa naturais do Brasil. Trata-se de questionário de fácil entendimento e rápida aplicação, sendo capaz de estimar de maneira adequada o funcionamento visual subjetivo em pacientes com catarata. Existe correlação significativa com a acuidade visual e a pontuação obtida no questionário.

Keywords: Extração de catarata; Perfil do impacto da doença; Acuidade visual; Inquéritos e questionários; Qualidade de vida.

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the practices employed by oculoplastic surgeons in the assessment and management of anophthalmic sockets and external ocular prostheses.
METHODS: Oculoplastic surgeons from two countries, who specialized in the management of anophthalmic sockets, participated in a web-based survey. Data collected included demographics, types of surgery, implant use, external ocular prostheses management (including fabrication and cleaning), complications encountered, and follow-up times. The frequencies and distributions of the responses were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 177 oculoplastic surgeons participated, 113 (63.8%) from Brazil, the remainder from Spain. Evisceration was the preferred surgical procedure of 149 (84.2%) surgeons. The most commonly reported indication for enucleation was a painful blind eye (n=103, 58.1%; both Brazil and Spain, p<0.001). Brazilian surgeons preferred polymethyl methacrylate implants (n=65, 57.5%), while Spanish surgeons favored porous polyethylene implants (n=53, 82.8%; p<0.001). Discharge was the most frequently observed clinical feature during socket evaluation (n=164, 92.6%; p<0.001). Brazilian surgeons recommended daily (n=53, 46.9%) or weekly (n=41, 36.2%) cleaning of external ocular prostheses, while Spanish surgeons more commonly recommended monthly cleaning (n=31, 48.4%; p<0.001). The majority of Brazilian surgeons (n=83, 73.4%) advised patients to remove their external ocular prostheses at night. Only a small number of Spanish surgeons (n=3, 4.6%) suggested this practice (p<0.001). Overall, the follow-up recommendations varied, with 70 (39.5%) surgeons recommending follow-up based on individual case needs, and 59 (33.3%) suggesting annual visits (p<0.001). The primary indications for external ocular prostheses replacement were edge damage (n=75, 42.3%) and loss of volume (n=68, 38.4%). The replacement intervals given typically ranged from 1 to 5 years (n=92, 51.9%; p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Oculoplastic surgeons in Brazil and Spain demonstrated similar practices in the management of anophthalmic sockets. However, notable differences were observed in the choice of implant materials, cleaning protocols, and recommendations regarding external ocular prostheses removal during sleep.

Keywords: Anophthalmos; Eye, artificial; Polymethyl methacrylate; Polyethylene; Surgeons; Surveys and questionnaires; Brazil; Spain.

Abstract

PURPOSE: This clinical study aimed to assess the effectiveness of microemulsion artificial tears containing povidone and propylene glycol in the management of dry eye disease. Secondary objectives included evaluating improvements in tear-film stability, measured by tear break-up time and corneal staining scores, along with the tolerability and safety of the formulation.
METHODS: This was a prospective, single-arm interventional study involving 30 participants (52 eyes) diagnosed with dry eye disease. Participants self-administered the investigational eye drops twice daily for 28 consecutive days. Primary and secondary outcomes included changes in the Ocular Surface Disease Index, tear break-up time, and corneal staining scores. Adverse events were documented throughout the study period.
RESULTS: Significant improvements in Ocular Surface Disease Index scores were observed, reflecting a reduction in dry eye disease symptoms. Tear break-up time increased notably between baseline and follow-up assessments, with the proportion of eyes exhibiting tear break-up time ≥10 srising from 25.0% to 63.5%. Additionally, the percentage of eyes with a corneal staining score of zero improved from 23.1% to 69.2%. Conjunctival staining also decreased, with the proportion of eyes with scores of 2 and 3 dropping from 11.5% to 3.8% and 5.8% to 0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that povidone and propylene glycol-based artificial tears significantly enhance tear-film stability and alleviate symptoms in patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease, with minimal adverse effects. This formulation represents a safe and effective short-term treatment option for dry eye disease management.

Keywords: Artificial tears; Dry eye disease; Tear-film stability; Propylene glycol; Povidone; Visual acuity; Surveys and questionnaires

Abstract

PURPOSE: We developed an artificial intelligence program for calculating intraocular lenses and analyzed its accuracy rate via ultrasonic biometry. This endeavor is aimed at enhancing precision and efficacy in the selection of intraocular lenses, particularly in cases where optical biometry is unavailable.
METHODS: Data was collected from the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, which included cases of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, in which the lens selection was based on ultrasonic biometry. The program, implemented in Python, Java, and PHP, employs the ridge regression method. Two design options were developed: a basic model, which uses only keratometry variables (K1 and K2), axial size and final target refraction in the spherical equivalent, and an advanced model, which incorporates preoperative refraction and the patient's age. The Universal Barrett II formula was used to compare both models.
RESULTS: The sample consisted of 486 eyes from 313 patients, with 350 eyes used for program training and 136 for program validation. The spherical equivalent hit rates, with a variation of ±0.5 D, were 86% and 87.5% for the basic and advanced models, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them. With the Barret Universal II formula, the success rate was 69%, which was significantly different from the values of the two aforementioned models (p<0.0001). The system was better for medium and long eyes but worse for short eyes (<=22.00 mm).
CONCLUSION: The developed artificial intelligence program was superior to the Barrett formula in terms of performance, in the general context and within the subgroup of patients with longer eyes. This innovation can considerably contribute to the selection of intraocular lenses, particularly in cases where optical biometry is unavailable.

Keywords: Biometry; Intraocular lens; Cataract; Artificial intelligence

Abstract

PURPOSE: This pilot study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a deep learning model for detecting pterygium in anterior segment photographs taken using smartphones in the Brazilian Amazon. The model’s performance was benchmarked against assessments made by experienced ophthalmologists, considered the clinical gold standard.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 38 participants (76 eyes) from Barcelos, Brazil, were enrolled. Trained nonmedical health workers captured high-resolution anterior segment images using smartphones. These images were analyzed using a deep learning model based on the MobileNet-V2 convolutional neural network. Diagnostic metrics–including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve–were calculated and compared with the ophthalmologists’ evaluations.
RESULTS: The deep learning model achieved a sensitivity of 91.43%, specificity of 90.24%, positive predictive value of 88.46%, negative predictive value of 92.79%, and an area under the curve of 0.91. Logistic regression revealed no statistically significant association between pterygium and demographic variables such as age or gender.
CONCLUSIONS: The deep learning model demonstrated high diagnostic performance in identifying pterygium in a remote Amazonian population. These preliminary findings support the potential use of artificial intelligence–based tools to facilitate early detection and screening in underserved regions, thereby enhancing access to ophthalmic care.

Keywords: Pterygium/diagnostic imaging; Smartphone; Diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological; Deep learning; Telemedicine; Artificial intelligence; Cross-sectional studies; Brazil/epidemiology

Abstract

PURPOSE: Diabetic retinopathy screening in low- and middle-income countries is limited by restricted access to specialized care. Portable retinal cameras offer a practical alternative; however, image quality – affected by mydriasis – directly influences the performance of artificial intelligence models. This study evaluated the effect of mydriasis on image gradability and AI-based diabetic retinopathy detection in real-world, resource-limited settings.
METHODS: The proportions of gradable images were compared between mydriatic and non-mydriatic groups. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify factors associated with image gradability, including age, sex, race, diabetes duration, and systemic hypertension. A ResNet-200d model was trained on the mobile Brazilian Ophthalmological dataset and externally validated on both mydriatic and non-mydriatic images. Model performance was evaluated using accuracy, F1 score, area under the curve, and confusion matrix metrics. Sensitivity differences were assessed using the McNemar test, and area under the curves were compared using DeLong's test. The Youden index was used to determine optimal classification thresholds. Agreement between macula- and disc-centered images was analyzed using Cohen's κ.
RESULTS: The mydriatic group demonstrated a higher proportion of gradable images compared with the non-mydriatic group (82.1% vs. 55.6%; p<0.001). In non-mydriatic images, lower gradability was associated with systemic hypertension, older age, male sex, and longer diabetes duration. The AI model achieved better performance in mydriatic images (accuracy, 85.15%; area under the curve, 0.94) than in non-mydriatic images (accuracy, 79.68%; area under the curve, 0.93). The McNemar test showed a significant difference in sensitivity (p=0.0001), whereas DeLong's test revealed no significant difference in area under the curve (p=0.4666). The Youden index indicated that optimal classification thresholds differed based on mydriasis status. Agreement between image fields was moderate to substantial and improved with mydriasis.
CONCLUSION: Mydriasis significantly improves image gradability and enhances AI performance in diabetic retinopathy screening. Nonetheless, in low- and middle-income countries where pharmacologic dilation may be impractical, optimizing model calibration and thresholding for non-mydriatic images is essential to ensure effective AI implementation in real-world clinical environments.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Bias; Diabetic retinopathy; Portable camera; Retina

Abstract

PURPOSE: To compare the refractive prediction error of Hill-radial basis function 3.0 with those of 3 conventional formulas and 11 combination methods in eyes with short axial lengths.
METHODS: The refractive prediction error was calculated using 4 formulas (Hoffer Q, SRK-T, Haigis, and Hill-RBF) and 11 combination methods (average of two or more methods). The absolute error was determined, and the proportion of eyes within 0.25-diopter (D) increments of absolute error was analyzed. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficients of each method were computed to evaluate the agreement between target refractive error and postoperative spherical equivalent.
RESULTS: This study included 87 eyes. Based on the refractive prediction error findings, Hoffer Q formula exhibited the highest myopic errors, followed by SRK-T, Hill-RBF, and Haigis. Among all the methods, the Haigis and Hill-RBF combination yielded a mean refractive prediction error closest to zero. The SRK-T and Hill-RBF combination showed the lowest mean absolute error, whereas the Hoffer Q, SRK-T, and Haigis combination had the lowest median absolute error. Hill-radial basis function exhibited the highest intraclass correlation coefficient, whereas SRK-T showed the lowest. Haigis and Hill-RBF, as well as the combination of both, demonstrated the lowest proportion of refractive surprises (absolute error >1.00 D). Among the individual formulas, Hill-RBF had the highest success rate (absolute error ≤0.50 D). Moreover, among all the methods, the SRK-T and Hill-RBF combination exhibited the highest success rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Hill-radial basis function showed accuracy comparable to or surpassing that of conventional formulas in eyes with short axial lengths. The use and integration of various formulas in cataract surgery for eyes with short axial lengths may help reduce the incidence of refractive surprises.

Keywords: Cataract; Lenses, intraocular; Axial length, eye; Refractive errors; Artificial intelligence

Abstract

PURPOSE: Standard automated perimetry has been the standard method for measuring visual field changes for several years. It can measure an individual’s ability to detect a light stimulus from a uniformly illuminated background. In the management of glaucoma, the primary objective of perimetry is the identification and quantification of visual field abnormalities. It also serves as a longitudinal evaluation for the detection of disease progression. The development of artificial intelligence-based models capable of interpreting tests could combine technological development with improved access to healthcare.
METHODS: In this observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study, we used an artificial intelligence-based model [Inception V3] to interpret gray-scale crops from standard automated perimetry that were performed in an ophthalmology clinic in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest between January 2018 and December 2022.
RESULTS: The study included 1,519 standard automated perimetry test results that were performed using Humphrey HFA-II-i-750 (Zeiss Meditech). The Subsequently, 70%, 10%, and 20% of the dataset were used for training, validation, and testing, respectively. The model achieved 80% (68.23%–88.9%) sensitivity and 94.64% (88.8%–98%) specificity for detecting altered perimetry results. Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.93.
CONCLUSIONS: The integration of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis, screening, and monitoring of pathologies represents a paradigm shift in ophthalmology, enabling significant improvements in safety, efficiency, availability, and accessibility of treatment.

Keywords: Glaucoma; Disease progression; Perimetry; Visual Fields; Visual field tests; Artificial intelligence; Neural networks, computers; Machine learning

Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine the influence of strabismus and its surgical correction on the preoperative and postoperative functional and psychosocial aspects of patients being treated at the CEROF/UFG Strabismus Outpatient Clinic.
METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study included 27 patients, aged >7 years that were divided into two groups (<18 years and >18 years). The AS 20 questionnaire is composed of two domains (psychosocial and functional). Each domain includes 10 questions, which should be answered using a 5-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was administered preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. In patients aged <18 years, the questionnaire was concurrently administered to their parents and/or guardians.
RESULTS: Preoperatively, the average psychosocial and functional scores were 55 (p=0.01) and 57.5 (p=0.025), respectively, in adults, 70 (p=0.03) and 78.7 (p=0.16), respectively, in children and adolescents, and 46.2 (p=0.002) and 57.5 (p=0.003), respectively, in the parents and/or guardians. Postoperatively, the average psychosocial and functional scores were 80 (p=0.01) and 82.5 (p=0.025), respectively, in adults, 81.2 (p=0.03) and 85 (p=0.16), respectively, in children and adolescents, and 83.7 (p=0.002) and 86.2 (p=0.003), respectively, in parents and/or guardians.
CONCLUSION: The postoperative scores in the psychosocial (p=0.001), functional (p=0.001) and general (p<0.001) domains had increased in all the patients, demonstrating an improvement in the quality of life following strabismus correction surgery.

Keywords: Quality of life; Strabismus; Surveys and questionnaires; Psychosocial domain; Functional domain

Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da aplicação pré-operatória de lágrimas artificiais combinadas com o fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos bovinos recombinantes na função da superfície ocular e níveis de fator inflamatório após cirurgia em pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos.
Métodos: Um total de 118 pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos (118 olhos), tratados entre fevereiro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, foram divididos em grupos de controle e de observação (n=59, 59 olhos) usando uma tabela de números aleatórios. Uma semana antes da cirurgia, o grupo controle recebeu colírio de hialuronato de sódio a 0,1% (lágrimas artificiais), enquanto o grupo de observação recebeu colírio Beifushu (fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos bovinos recombinantes), ambos, seis vezes ao dia, por uma semana. Antes do tratamento e um mês após a cirurgia, os escores de sintomas clínicos, índices de função da superfície ocular, níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas e índices de estresse oxidativo foram comparados. A função da superfície ocular foi avaliada pelo questionário do índice de doença da superfície ocular, ensaio de tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste I de Schirmer e teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea. Os níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas foram medidos.
Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas nos dados gerais e no escore de sintomas clínicos, índice de doença da superfície ocular, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, escore do teste I de Schirmer, pontuação do teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea, interleucina-6, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, malondialdeído, superóxido dismutase, peróxido lipídico e capacidade antioxidante total antes do tratamento entre os dois grupos (p>0,05). Após o tratamento, o escore de sintomas clínicos, índice de doença da superfície ocular, escore do teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, interleucina-6, malondialdeído e peróxido lipídico diminuíram significativamente, e o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, escore do teste I de Schirmer, superóxido dismutase e a capacidade antioxidante total aumentou em ambos os grupos. As melhorias no escore de sintomas clínicos, bem como os índices de função da superfície ocular, fatores inflamatórios e estresse oxidativo foram mais proeminentes no grupo de observação do que no grupo controle (p<0,05).
Conclusões: Lágrimas artificiais combinadas com fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos recombinantes antes da cirurgia melhoram notavelmente a função da superfície ocular, diminuem os níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas e aliviam os sintomas de olho seco após a cirurgia em pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos.

Keywords: Lágrima artificial; Fator básico de crescimento de fibroblasto; Superfície ocular; Catarata; Olho seco

Abstract

A oftalmia simpática consiste em uma panuveíte granulomatosa bilateral rara e potencialmente devastadora, ocorrendo geralmente após trauma ocular cirúrgico ou não cirúrgico. O diagnóstico é baseado em aspectos clínicos e apoiado por exames de imagem, como ultrassonografia ocular e tomografia de coerência óptica. O tratamento consiste em terapia imunossupressora com esteróides e, eventualmente, drogas poupadoras de esteróides, como ciclosporina, azatioprina, ciclofosfamida e micofonato de mofetila. O manejo rápido e eficaz com agentes imunossupressores sistêmicos permite o controle da doença e a obtenção de boa acuidade visual no olho simpatizante. A enucleação, por outro lado, poderia ser considerada apenas em situações em que o olho lesado não tem percepção luminosa ou há trauma grave. Além de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, foi relatada uma série de 6 casos com diferentes modalidades de tratamento imunossupressor e cirúrgico.

Keywords: Oftalmia simpática; Autoimunidade, Terapia de imunossupressão; Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico; Enucleação ocular; Evisceração do olho; Humanos; Relato de casos