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Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados visuais, satisfação e qualidade de vida de pacientes atendidos em um hospital escola pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, submetidos a implante bilateral de lente intraocular multifocal difrativa.
Métodos: Estudo tipo série de casos com intervenção, incluindo 20 pacientes submetidos a implante bilateral da lente intraocular multifocal difrativa EyeDiff^® (Eyeol UK, Dunstable, UK). Os critérios de exclusão foram astigmatismo corneano >1,5 dioptria cilíndrica, cirurgia ou doença ocular prévias e complicações intraoperatórias ou pós-operatórias. Os pacientes foram avaliados após 1, 3 e 6 meses da cirurgia. Foram avaliadas a acuidade visual monocular e binocular para longe, intermediário e perto sob condições fotópica e mesópica, sensibilidade ao contraste monocular sob condições fotópicas, curva de defocus e questionário para avaliação da qualidade de vida.
Resultados: A acuidade visual para longe corrigida monocular foi de 0,3 logMAR ou melhor e a acuidade visual para perto com correção para longe foi J3 ou melhor em todos os olhos, sob condições fotópicas. A acuidade visual binocular para perto com a correção para longe foi J1 em todos os casos. A sensibilidade ao contraste estava no nível mínimo de normalidade para frequências espaciais baixas e altas e abaixo dos limites normais para frequência espacial intermediária. O questionário de qualidade de vida mostrou que os pacientes apresentavam altos níveis de satisfação.
Conclusão: O implante bilateral da lente intraocular multifocal EyeDiff^® proporcionou boa acuidade visual e qualidade de vida, e independência de óculos aos pacientes. A acuidade visual e a sensibilidade ao contraste melhoraram progressivamente entre um e seis meses de pós-operatório.

Keywords: Acuidade visual; Qualidade de vida; Satisfação do paciente; Implante de lente intraocular; Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a segurança do implante de lente intraocular primária em um grande número de olhos em crianças <24 meses.
MÉTODOS: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes com idade entre 5-24 meses, submetidos a implante primário de lente intraocular no saco capsular. Uma lente intraocular acrílica de três peças dobrável foi implantada pelo mesmo cirurgião usando uma única técnica cirúrgica. Pacientes que tiveram <1 ano de acompanhamento após a cirurgia foram excluídos. Os principais resultados incluíram medidas de acuidade visual, mudança miópica, complicações pós operatórias e cirurgias adicionais.
RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 68 pacientes (93 olhos). A média de idade dos pacientes no momento da cirurgia foi de 15,06 ± 6,19 (5 a 24) meses, e o equivalente esférico 1 mês após a cirurgia foi de 3,62 ± 2,32 D. Após 5,67 ± 3,10 anos, o equivalente esférico foi de -0,09 ± 3,22 D, e a acuidade visual corrigida à distância foi de 0,33 ± 0,33 e 0,64 ± 0,43 logMAR em casos bilaterais e casos unilaterais, respectivamente (p=0,000). A maior mudança míopica foi observado em bebês submetidos à cirurgia aos 5 e 6 meses de idade. As complicações mais frequentes incluíram opacificação do eixo visual e corectopia. Glaucoma e descolamento de retina não foram relatados.
CONCLUSÃO: O implante primário de lente intraocular no saco capsular em crianças de 5-24 meses é seguro e está associado à baixas taxas de eventos adversos e cirurgias adicional.

Keywords: Catarata pediátrica; Lente intraocular; Implante primário LIO; Mudança miópica; Catarata congênita

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following cataract surgery involving the implantation of quad-loop intraocular lenses, including trifocal, bifocal, and toric variants.
METHODS: Information was obtained from both physical and electronic medical records of patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of different intraocular lenses between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2023. The study included individuals aged over 18 who received bilateral implantation of bifocal, trifocal, or monofocal toric intraocular lenses. Visual acuity was assessed at various postoperative time points using the logMAR scale. Quantitative variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation.
RESULTS: A total of 92 eyes received premium intraocular lenses: 4 bifocal, 32 trifocal, 52 toric monofocal, and 4 trifocal toric lenses. The average preoperative corrected visual acuity was logMAR 0.478 ± 0.259. On the first postoperative day, the average uncorrected visual acuity was logMAR 0.301 ± 0.207. By day 30, 67.4% of eyes achieved uncorrected distance visual acuity of logMAR 0.2 or better. Patient satisfaction was high, with few reports of glare or halos.
CONCLUSION: Quad-loop intraocular lenses-including trifocal, bifocal, and toric models-demonstrated effective improvement in visual acuity and high levels of patient satisfaction. These lenses represent a suitable option for enhancing visual outcomes after cataract surgery. Additional studies with larger cohorts are recommended to confirm these results.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Aberrometry/methods; Lenses, intraocular; Lens implantation, intraocular; Prosthesis design

Abstract

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether two simplified modifications of flanged intrascleral fixation techniques (Yamane and Canabrava) provide comparable refractive outcomes and complication rates while reducing surgical complexity in trocar-assisted vitrectomy.
METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 88 patients who underwent flanged fixation surgery with vitrectomy. In the modified Yamane technique, a single-path sclerotomy with bilateral symmetry was performed instead of an angled sclerotomy. In the modified Canabrava technique, the intraocular lens was inserted first, followed by the creation of a circular polypropylene loop with 2-mm flange spacing. Postoperative refractive parameters, including intraocular lens astigmatism, and complications such as intraocular lens iris capture were analyzed.
RESULTS: Of the 88 patients, 70 underwent the modified Yamane technique, and 18 underwent the modified Canabrava technique. No significant differences were observed between the two techniques regarding refractive outcomes or postoperative complications, except for surgical duration, which was significantly shorter (p<0.001) in one technique. Mean intraocular lens astigmatism was −0.675 D for Yamane and −0.666 D for Canabrava.
CONCLUSION: Optimizing needle engagement for symmetry in the Yamane technique and narrowing flange spacing while ensuring a circular polypropylene configuration in the Canabrava technique may reduce surgical complexity and improve postoperative outcomes.

Keywords: Polypropylenes; Yamane technique; Vitrectomy; Astigmatism; Lenses, intraocular; Postoperative complications; Suture techniques; Iris.

Abstract

PURPOSE: Endophthalmitis is one of the most important adverse events after cataract surgery, as it can lead to total vision loss. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients treated in a community setting in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using a database of 649 medical records of patients who underwent surgery and were followed for three months. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
RESULTS: The incidence of confirmed endophthalmitis was 11.94% (95% CI, 9.50-14.76), while the incidence of confirmed and probable cases was 20.50% (95% CI, 17.52-23.73). For confirmed cases, bilateral surgery and the use of lens model 3 were identified as risk factors for endophthalmitis, whereas age over 70 yr and preoperative antibiotic use were protective factors. For confirmed and probable cases, brown and yellow skin color, bilateral surgery, and the use of lens model 3 were also identified as risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant etiological agents, and corneal edema was the main clinical manifestation. The mean duration of treatment was eight days, and 27.12% of patients used antibiotics.
CONCLUSION: The incidence observed was substantially higher than that reported in the literature, with a predominance of Gram-negative agents and an association with bilateral surgeries and the Eyeol intraocular lens model. These findings reinforce the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance and the implementation of specific biosafety and infection control protocols during cataract surgery campaigns.

Keywords: Endophthalmitis; Disease outbreaks; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Lenses, intraocular; Cataract; Risk factors; Anti-bacterial agents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Glaucoma is a chronic and progressive disease that requires long-term treatment and continuous monitoring. The Kahook Dual Blade, a device used to perform goniotomy in adults, is designed to improve intraocular pressure control in patients with glaucoma. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of kahook dual blade goniotomy in glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery over a 36-month follow-up.
METHODS: This was a retrospective case series including 56 eyes from 56 patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent phacoemulsification combined with kahook dual blade goniotomy. Mean intraocular pressure values, number of preoperative and postoperative hypotensive eye drops, procedure survival, and complications were evaluated over 36 months. Surgical success was defined as either a reduction in intraocular pressure of ≥20% with intraocular pressure between 6 and 18 mmHg without additional medication or a reduction of ≥1 eye drop with intraocular pressure between 6 and 18 mmHg.
RESULTS: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure decreased from 15.96 ± 2,83) mmHg to 13.14 ± 2,11) mmHg at 36 months, representing a 14.9% reduction (p<0.001). The mean number of eye drops decreased from 1.91 ± 0,75) to 1.34 ± 0,92), a 29.8% reduction (p<0.001). The overall success rate was 69.6% at 36 months.
CONCLUSION: Kahook dual blade goniotomy combined with cataract surgery significantly reduced intraocular pressure and the number of hypotensive eye drops required in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma, with a favorable success rate maintained at 36 months.

Keywords: Glaucoma, open-angle/surgery; Gonioscopy/methods; Intraocular pressure/physiology; Lens implantation, intraocular; Phacoemulsification/methods; Trabeculectomy/instrumentation; Treatment outcome

Abstract

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to describe a minimally invasive and atraumatic technique for managing the polypropylene suture-assisted scleral fixation of intraocular lens–capsular bag complex or artificial iris–intraocular lens complex for repositioning late luxated or subluxated intraocular lens–capsular bags and artificial iris–intraocular lens complexes.
METHODS: In this retrospective and observational study, we evaluated 11 patients, including 10 patients with capsular bag–intraocular lens complex subluxation or luxation into the vitreous cavity and 1 patient with an aniridia–intraocular lens complex. A single senior surgeon performed the procedures. After anesthesia, a 4 × 4 mm conjunctival peritomy was created, and a 6-0 polypropylene suture was passed through the sclera marked 2.0 mm posterior to the limbus. The suture ends were cauterized into a flange under 0.5 mm and inserted inversely into a scleral tunnel, concealed within a 2-mm scleral tunnel to ensure secure intraocular lens positioning.
RESULTS: We analyzed 11 patients with dislocated or dropped capsular bag–intraocular lens complexes. The patients' median age was 67 (range 44–78) years, with a median follow-up of 10 (range: 4–16) months. There were 8 (72%) men and 3 (27%) women. Conjunctival peritomy was performed in 4 (36%) patients. Predominantly, preoperative diagnoses indicated 7 (63%) patients with dislocated capsular bag–intraocular lens complexes. The capsular bag–intraocular lens complexes were centralized in all patients, and optical coherence tomography confirmed accurate suture positioning within the sclera. No suture-related complications were observed throughout the follow-up period, and no vision-threatening complications were reported during the postoperative follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: Our technique provides a simple, effective solution for treating decentralized or dislocated capsular bag–intraocular lens complexes, eliminating the need for complex interventions such as large corneal wounds, scleral flaps, intraocular lens exchange, and intraocular lens externalization.

Keywords: Scleral fixation; Intraocular lens dislocation; Ophthalmologic surgical procedures; Sutures; Intraocular lens; Lens subluxation

Abstract

The advantages and disadvantages of using perioperative subconjunctival steroid injections in dropless cataract surgery continue to be debated. A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central database identified five studies—two randomized controlled trials and three non-randomized studies—encompassing 70,751 eyes. Among these, 12,319 eyes (17.4%) received subconjunctival steroid injections, while 58,432 eyes (82.6%) were managed with topical steroids. The Cochrane Collaboration’s RoB 2 tool was applied for bias assessments in randomized controlled trials, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistics. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups regarding macular edema (p=0.249), visual acuity (p=0.73), or laser flare count (p=0.45). Both subconjunctival injections and topical steroids demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety in controlling postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Additional research is warranted to validate these conclusions.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Postoperative care; Intravitreal injections; Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal/administration & dosage; Glucocorticoids; Triamcinolone acetonide; Research design; Randomiz

Abstract

PURPOSE: To compare endothelial corneal cell changes following cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, conducted by surgeons with varying levels of experience.
METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-three eyes diagnosed with cataract were included. Lens opacity was classified into three categories (I, II, and III). Surgeons were categorized into four experience levels (1, 2, 3, and 4), based on years of practice and lifetime surgeries performed. Corneal endothelial characteristics were assessed using non-contact specular microscopy, with measurements taken before surgery and 30-60 days post-surgery.
RESULTS: Pre- and postoperative endothelial analysis showed no significant differences between surgeon levels regarding visual acuity achieved, corneal thickness, and endothelial hexagonality. However, the central endothelial cell density index showed a significantly greater reduction among level 1 surgeons (p=0.026). Grade II cataracts exhibited significant variations in the central endothelial cell density (p=0.011) and average cell size, with level 1 surgeons showing the largest increases (p=0.024).
CONCLUSIONS: The analysis revealed significant differences in visual acuity and endothelial indices between surgeon experience levels, with less experienced surgeons showing greater variations and poorer performance. Clinical protocols should consider these data to establish safer training protocols.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Phacoemulsification; Endothelium; corneal; Lens implantation, intraocular; Visual acuity; Internship and residency; Surgeons

Abstract

Uma paciente de 38 anos desenvolveu afacia e ani­ridia secundárias a um trauma, levando à perda da visão. Para melhorar sua visão, um complexo de íris e lente intraocular (Reper^®) foi fixado à esclera com a técnica de flange duplo de Canabrava. Houve um aumento satisfatório na acuidade visual do paciente e nenhuma complicação foi observada durante o acompanhamento de 6 meses. A técnica de Canabrava simplifica e melhora a fixação do complexo de íris e lente intraocular na esclera. É uma opção segura que não requer retalhos ou pontos esclerais.

Keywords: Afacia/etiologia; Aniridia; Implante de lente intrao­cular; Lentes intraoculares; Esclera/cirurgia; Acuidade visual; Humanos; Relatos de casos.

Abstract

We present a case report detailing the successful phacoemulsification surgery with artificial iris implantation for two individuals with oculocutaneous albinism. These women suffered from cataracts, resulting in reduced visual acuity and heightened photophobia due to iris pigmentary epithelium deficiency. The patients underwent phacoemulsification along with prosthetic artificial iris implantation into the posterior chamber. This intervention resulted in improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia and glare, and an overall enhanced quality of life. Our report highlights two cases of successful phacoemulsification and artificial iris implantation in patients with oculocutaneous albinism and cataracts, leading to improved visual acuity, reduced photophobia, and enhanced quality of life. Notably, there are no prior records in South American literature of cataract surgery combined with artificial iris implantation for oculocutaneous albinism patients up to the time of this publication.

Keywords: Cataract extraction; Albinism, oculocutaneous; Lens implantation, intraocular

Abstract

Um homem de 59 anos apresentou embaçamento visual unilateral no olho esquerdo. Sua acuidade visual nesse olho era no nível de movimentos da mão. O paciente havia se submetido a uma cirurgia de facoemulsificação em que foi feita a implantação intraestromal de uma lente intraocular de câmara posterior. Foi feita a extração dessa lente intraestromal intraocular e uma nova lente intraocular foi implantada. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida final foi de 20/40 pela tabela de Snellen. Com este relato de caso, os autores desejam apontar que uma incisão de degrau único em córnea clara, quando combinada com a injeção de uma lente ocular através da incisão, pode levar a um direcionamento incorreto da lente intraocular para dentro do estroma corneano. Portanto, recomenda-se uma construção cuidadosa da incisão ao se remover uma lente intraocular direcionada incorretamente.

Keywords: Implante de lente intraocular; Lentes intraocular; Facoemulsificação; Cicatrização; Catarata; Acuidade visual

Abstract

Angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide, with Plateau iris syndrome presenting management challenges. We present a case report of a 58-year-old woman with advanced, uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma and Plateau iris. Her history included laser peripheral iridotomy and three glaucoma medications in both eyes. Different treatments were implemented. For the eye with lower intraocular pressure, fewer peripheral anterior synechiae, and milder disease: phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. For the eye with more advanced disease, a two-step approach was used: slow-coagulation transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using the double-arc protocol, followed by phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation 2 months later. Both eyes achieved improved visual acuity and intraocular pressure control with fewer medications, without significant complications. This case highlights transscleral cyclophotocoagulation followed by phacoemulsification as an alternative to combined surgeries in uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma with Plateau iris, offering a simpler technique, more predictable refractive and pressure-control outcomes, and more straightforward postoperative management.

Keywords: Glaucoma, angle-closure/surgery; Iris diseases/surgery; Laser coagulation/methods; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Case reports

Abstract

Aging and face sagging have many causes, and various techniques are used for treatment, including noninvasive procedures, such as focused ultrasound, which uses the principle of collagen regeneration by coagulative necrosis of the dermis layers using radiofrequency, but this procedure has complications. We reported a case of a 54-year-old female patient who complained of poor visual acuity in her right eye three days after a focused ultrasound facial aesthetic procedure, with the best visual acuity of 20/60. Biomicroscopy of the right eye revealed an acute cataract with three points of fibrosis extending from the posterior to the anterior capsule. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery with visual rehabilitation and improved vision of 20/20. We hypothesized that the occurrence of acute cataract was related to the inappropriate use of focused ultrasound.

Keywords: Cosmetic techniques; Skin aging; Rejuvenation; Ultrasonic therapy/adverse effects; High-intensity focused ultrasound ablation/methods; Cataract/etiology; Phacoemulsification; Lens implantation, intraocular; Visual acuity; Humans; Middle age; Female; Case

Abstract

Relato de uma técnica que combina o implante de uma lente intraocular com fixação intraescleral sem sutura e uma ceratoplastia endotelial da membrana de Descemet em paciente com ceratopatia bolhosa pseudofácica anterior. Foram criados dois túneis esclerais. Foram feitas incisões na córnea e a lente intraocular dobrável foi cortada e removida da câmara anterior. Foi então efetuada uma vitrectomia anterior e uma lente intraocular dobrável de 3 peças foi implantada na câmara anterior. Um dos hápticos da lente intraocular foi pinçado com um fórceps e puxado para fora do túnel escleral. A extremidade do háptico foi cauterizada. Manobras semelhantes foram feitas no outro háptico. Foi preparado um tecido de doador com 8 mm de diâmetro e o tecido endotelial da área receptora foi removido do centro da córnea. O tecido preparado do doador foi injetado na câmara anterior. Após abertura e posicionamento adequados do tecido do doador, foi injetada uma bolha de ar abaixo do tecido. Não foi observada nenhuma complicação pós-operatória durante um mês de acompanhamento.

Keywords: Lâmina limitante posterior; Ceratoplastia penetrante; Implante de lente intraocular; Lentes intraoculares; Esclera/cirurgia; Humanos; Relatos de casos